This report represents a synthesis of the publications related to the Berghof project on "Resistance/Liberation Movements and Transition to Politics", dealing with the role of insurgency movements in conflict waging and transformation to peace and democracy. By compiling some important comparative findings from South Africa, Colombia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Aceh and Northern Ireland, this report convincingly shows how choices between violent and non-violent strategies are made to achieve certain political ends, which factors impact on these decisions, and conversely, how these choices affect conflict transformation and post-war reconstruction. It will help scholars and practitioners gain some insiders' knowledge on the role and practice of resistance and liberation movements in waging war and making peace.